Native American Arts-fraud

Copyright Laws and guidelines established by the Federal Trade Commission legally protect buyers of any commercial product, which uses misleading claims and outright deception.

Furthermore, the Arts and Crafts Law of 1935 and 1990 offers increased protections and stronger deterrents for wrongdoing in regards to Native American Arts and Crafts respectively.

Like all laws, these laws are only as good as the paper they are written on if they are not obeyed or enforced.

For example, a counterfeiter in the Philippines had the name of the city where Indian-style pieces were manufactured changed to Zuni. In complying with the law, these imports are properly stamped with the word Zuni, fooling buyers as to their origin.

Native Americans, who once made a living by crafting these ancestral expressions, now find themselves working for the enemy.

Local factories who employ Native Americans exploit their status by claiming the final product to be Indian crafted. Fearful of losing their jobs, the Native American workers let this practice go unchallenged.

Collectors of genuine Native American art can help protect themselves and the artisans by not supporting knockoffs and by reporting those that misrepresent the works they are selling as genuine.

If you have purchased a piece of Native American art that has been misrepresented, proceed by handling it as you would any other wrongful purchase. Ask the selling dealer for a refund. If the dealer is unresponsive, contact your Better Business Bureau and file a formal complaint.

You may also want to notify any local Chamber of Commerce and the local Attorney Generals office.

Secondly, to help prevent this dealer from continuing to sell artwork that is misrepresented in origin, contact the Indian Arts and Crafts Board .

The Indian Arts and Crafts board works with the United States Attorney Generals office and the Federal Bureau of Investigations in pursuing violators of the protection act. Official follow up and persecution of offenders protects the artist and the buyer from future infractions.

It is important to keep written records and receipts from your purchases for future reference.

Besides offering avenues to help protect consumers and artisans alike, the Indian Arts and Crafts Board is aggressively attacking frauds and working to protect the rights of Native Americans through political and legal channels.

Current and former board members are actively working to build cases against offenders that will ultimately lead to major lawsuits.
The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
In 1990, President George H.W. Bush signed the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA).

This act provides legal protection for human remains and burial artifacts that may have been unearthed from the grave of a Native American, which includes native Hawaiians.

Tribes are allowed by law to request the return of such burial artifacts from any institution or person who may possess them.

Legally obtained items are subject to recall by those under the following prioritized criteria.

Direct descendants
Tribal affiliation
Tribal history (the tribal land where the artifacts were found, even if such artifacts are from a different tribe)
Prior Inhabitants (the tribe which at one time used the grounds for burial)

For the collector who is interested in historical significance more than aesthetic appeal, caution must be taken when making such purchases.

Under NAGPRA, buyers could be forced to return purchased artifacts with no financial reimbursement.
Basic Rights
All American artisans have certain rights to protect their creations.

Without this protection, the desire for creative expression would be stymied, and many of those expressions that have stood the test of time with profound impact may not be with us today.

From this notion, the United States Copyright Office established detailed guidelines for the ownership and protection of created work.

From the U.S. Copyright Office
Copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States (title 17, U.S. Code) to the authors of “original works of authorship,” including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works. This protection is available to both published and unpublished works. Section 106 of the 1976 Copyright Act generally gives the owner of copyright the exclusive right to do and to authorize others to do the following:

To reproduce the work in copies or phonorecords;
To prepare derivative works based upon the work;
To distribute copies or phonorecords of the work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending;
To perform the work publicly, in the case of literary, musical, dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and motion pictures and other audiovisual works;
To display the copyrighted work publicly, in the case of literary, musical, dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and pictorial, graphic, or sculptural works, including the individual images of a motion picture or other audiovisual work; and
In the case of sound recordings, to perform the work publicly by means of a digital audio transmission.
In addition, certain authors of works of visual art have the rights of attribution and integrity as described in section 106A of the 1976 Copyright Act.
Copyright Registration for Works of The Visual Arts (From U.S. Copyright Office)

§ 106A. Rights of certain authors to attribution and integrity
(a) Rights of Attribution and Integrity. — Subject to sections 107 and independent of the exclusive rights provided in section 106 the author of a work of visual art —
(1) shall have the right —
(A) to claim authorship of that work, and
(B) to prevent the use of his or her name as the author of any work of visual art which he or she did not create;
(2) shall have the right to prevent the use of his or her name as the author of the work of visual art in the event of a distortion, mutilation, or other modification of the work which would be prejudicial to his or her honor or reputation; and
(3) subject to the limitations set forth in section 113(d) shall have the right —
(A) to prevent any intentional distortion, mutilation, or other modification of that work which would be prejudicial to his or her honor or reputation, and any intentional distortion, mutilation, or modification of that work is a violation of that right, and
(B) to prevent any destruction of a work of recognized stature, and any intentional or grossly negligent destruction of that work is a violation of that right.
(b) Scope and Exercise of Rights. — Only the author of a work of visual art has the rights conferred by subsection (a) in that work, whether or not the author is the copyright owner. The authors of a joint work of visual art are co owners of the rights conferred by subsection (a) in that work.
(c) Exceptions. — (1) The modification of a work of visual art which is the result of the passage of time or the inherent nature of the materials is not a distortion, mutilation, or other modification described in subsection (a)(3)(A).
(2) The modification of a work of visual art which is the result of conservation, or of the public presentation, including lighting and placement, of the work is not a destruction, distortion, mutilation, or other modification described in subsection (a)(3) unless the modification is caused by gross negligence.
(3) The rights described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a) shall not apply to any reproduction, depiction, portrayal, or other use of a work in, upon, or in any connection with any item described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of the definition of “work of visual art” in section 101 and any such reproduction, depiction, portrayal, or other use of a work is not a destruction, distortion, mutilation, or other modification described in paragraph (3) of subsection (a).
(d) Duration of Rights. — (1) With respect to works of visual art created on or after the effective date set forth in section 610(a) of the Visual Artists Rights Act of 1990, the rights conferred by subsection (a) shall endure for a term consisting of the life of the author.
(2) With respect to works of visual art created before the effective date set forth in section 610(a) of the Visual Artists Rights Act of 1990, but title to which has not, as of such effective date, been transferred from the author, the rights conferred by subsection (a) shall be coextensive with, and shall expire at the same time as, the rights conferred by section 106.
(3) In the case of a joint work prepared by two or more authors, the rights conferred by subsection (a) shall endure for a term consisting of the life of the last surviving author.
(4) All terms of the rights conferred by subsection (a) run to the end of the calendar year in which they would otherwise expire.
(e) Transfer and Waiver. — (1) The rights conferred by subsection (a) may not be transferred, but those rights may be waived if the author expressly agrees to such waiver in a written instrument signed by the author. Such instrument shall specifically identify the work, and uses of that work, to which the waiver applies, and the waiver shall apply only to the work and uses so identified. In the case of a joint work prepared by two or more authors, a waiver of rights under this paragraph made by one such author waives such rights for all such authors.
(2) Ownership of the rights conferred by subsection (a) with respect to a work of visual art is distinct from ownership of any copy of that work, or of a copyright or any exclusive right under a copyright in that work. Transfer of ownership of any copy of a work of visual art, or of a copyright or any exclusive right under a copyright, shall not constitute a waiver of the rights conferred by subsection (a). Except as may otherwise be agreed by the author in a written instrument signed by the author, a waiver of the rights conferred by subsection (a) with respect to a work of visual art shall not constitute a transfer of ownership of any copy of that work, or of ownership of a copyright or of any exclusive right under a copyright in that work.
§ 107. Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use
Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 106A, the fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright. In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include —
(1) the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes;
(2) the nature of the copyrighted work;
(3) the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and
(4) the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.
The fact that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar a finding of fair use if such finding is made upon consideration of all the above factors.
Copyright Registration for Works of the Visual Arts (from Circular 40)
Copyright protects original “pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works,” which include two-dimensional works of fine, graphic, and applied art. The following is a list of example of such works: [extracted from actual list]

Artwork applied to clothing or to other useful articles
Drawings, paintings, murals
Fabric, floor, and wallcovering designs
Jewelry designs
· Needlework
Original prints such as engravings, etchings, serigraphs, silk screen prints, woodblock prints
Sculpture, such as carvings, ceramics, figurines, maquettes, molds, relief sculptures
Weaving designs, lace designs, tapestries
Beyond Basic Rights
The United States Government has long recognized the sovereign status of Indian tribes as domestic dependant nations. Treaties established between the United States and Native American tribes have been classified among the supreme laws of the land.

The Department of Justice has a commitment to protecting the constitutional and statutory rights of American Indians, handling Indian affairs with specific federal concern geared toward the well being of the Indian nations.

The right to religious freedom is among the cornerstone issues that braced the foundation of this nation from its infancy. When considering the religious expressions and rights of American Indians, tribal nations are also protected under the First Amendment of the United States Constitution.

Acts such as the American Indian Religious Freedom Act and National Historic Preservation Act serve to embrace the understanding of Native American culture as an essential part of American History.

With this, the federal government has expressed significant interest in the preservation of tribal customs and traditions.

In1935, the Department of the Interior saw fit to have Congress create a law in addition to the copyright laws that existed in the day, to protect the work of Native American artisans.

[Public-No. 355-74th Congress]
[S. 2203]
AN ACT
To promote the development of Indian arts and crafts and to create a board to assist therein, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That a board is hereby created in the Department of the Interior to be known as "Indian Arts and Crafts Board", and hereinafter referred to as the Board. The Board shall be composed of five commissioners, who shall be appointed by the Secretary of the Interior as soon as possible after passage of this Act and shall continue in office, two for a term of two years, one for a term of three years, and two for a term of four years from the date of their appointment; the term of each to be designated by the Secretary of the Interior, but their successors shall be appointed for a term of four years except that any person chosen to fill a vacancy shall be appointed for the un-expired term of the commissioner he succeeds. Both public officers and private citizens shall be eligible for membership on the Board. The Board shall elect one of the commissioners as chairman. One or two vacancies on the Board shall not impair the right of the remaining commissioners to exercise all the powers of the Board.
The commissioners shall serve without compensation: Provided, That each Commissioner shall be reimbursed for all actual expenses, including travel expenses, subsistence, and office overhead, which the Board shall certify to have been incurred as properly incidental to the performance of his duties as a member of the Board.
SEC. 2. It shall be the function and the duty of the Board to promote the economic welfare of Indian tribes and the Indian wards of the Government through the development of Indian arts and crafts and the expansion of the market for the products of Indian art and craftsmanship. In the execution of this function the Board shall have the following powers: (a) To undertake market research to determine the best opportunity for the sale of various products; (b) to engage in technical research and give technical advice and assistance; (c) to engage in experimentation directly or through selected agencies; (d) to correlate and encourage the activities of the various governmental and private agencies in the field; (e) to offer assistance in the management of operating groups for the furtherance of specific projects; (f) to make recommendations to appropriate agencies for loans in furtherance of the production and sale of Indian products; (g) to create Government trade marks of genuineness and quality for Indian products and the products of particular Indian tribes or groups; to establish standards and regulations for the use of such trade marks; to license corporations, associations, or individuals to use them; and to charge a fee for their use; to register them in the United States Patent Office without charge; (h) to employ executive officers, including a general manager, and such other permanent and temporary personnel as may be found necessary, and prescribe the authorities, duties, responsibilities, and tenure and fix the compensation of such officers and other employees: Provided, That the Classification Act of 1923, as amended, shall be applicable to all permanent employees except executive officers, and that all employees other than executive officers shall be appointed in accordance with the civil-service laws from lists of eligibles to be supplied by the Civil Service Commission; (i) as a Government agency to negotiate and execute in its own name contracts with operating groups to supply management, personnel, and supervision at cost, and to negotiate and execute in its own name such other contracts and to carry on such other business as may be necessary for the accomplishment of the duties of the Board: Provided, That nothing in the foregoing enumeration of powers shall be construed to authorize the Board to borrow or lend money or to deal in Indian goods.
SEC. 3. The Board shall prescribe from time to time rules and regulations governing the conduct of its business and containing such provisions as it may deem appropriate for the effective execution and administration of the powers conferred upon it by this Act: Provided, That before prescribing any procedure for the disbursement of money the Board shall advise and consult with the General Accounting Office: Provided further, That all rules and regulations proposed by the Board shall be submitted to the Secretary of the Interior and shall become effective upon his approval.
SEC. 4. There is hereby authorized to be appropriated out of any sums in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated such sums as may be necessary to defray the expenses of the Board and carry out the purposes and provisions of this Act. All income derived by the Board from any sources shall be covered into the Treasury of the United States and shall constitute a special fund which is hereby appropriated and made available until expended for carrying out the purposes and provisions of this Act. Out of the funds available to it at any time the Board may authorize such expenditures , consistent with the provisions of this Act, as it may determine to be necessary for the accomplishment of the purposes and objectives of this Act.
SEC. 5. Any person who shall counterfeit or colorably imitate any Government trade mark used or devised by the Board as provided in section 2 of this Act, or shall, except as authorized by the Board, affix any such Government trade mark, or shall knowingly, willfully, and corruptly affix any reproduction, counterfeit, copy, or colorable imitation thereof upon any products, Indian or otherwise, or to any labels, signs, prints, packages, wrappers, or receptacles intended to be used upon or in connection with the sale of such products, or any person who shall knowingly make any false statements for the purpose of obtaining the use of any such Government trade mark, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be enjoined from further carrying on the act or acts complained of and shall be subject to a fine not exceeding $2,000, or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both such fine and imprisonment.
SEC. 6. Any person who shall willfully offer for sale any goods, with or without any Government trade mark, as Indian products or Indian products of a particular Indian tribe or group, resident within the United States or the Territory of Alaska, when such person knows such goods are not Indian products or are not Indian products of the particular Indian tribe or group, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and be subject to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both such fine and imprisonment.
It shall be the duty of each district attorney, to whom the Board shall report in writing any violation of the provisions of this section which has occurred within his jurisdiction, to cause appropriate proceedings to be commenced and prosecuted in the proper courts of the United States for the enforcement of the penalties herein provided.
Approved, August 27, 1935.
Changing With the Times
As part of legislation to protect intellectual property, Congress went back and revised the Indian Arts Act of 1935, giving it more bite in terms of protection, prosecution and fines.

From the Department of the Interior (Indian Arts Act of 1990)
H.R.2006
One Hundred First Congress of the United States of America
AT THE SECOND SESSION
Begun and held at the City of Washington on Tuesday, the twenty-third day of January, one thousand nine hundred and ninety An Act To expand the powers of the Indian Arts and Crafts Board, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SEC. 101. SHORT TITLE.
This title may be cited as the `Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990'.

SEC. 102. POWERS OF INDIAN ARTS AND CRAFTS BOARD.
Section 2 of the Act entitled `An Act to promote the development of Indian arts and crafts and to create a board to assist therein, and for other purposes' (25 U.S.C. 305a) is amended--
(1) in the first sentence--
(A) by striking `the Board' and inserting `the Secretary of the Interior through the Board'; and
(B) by striking `the Indian wards of the Government' and inserting `Indian individuals';
(2) by amending clause (g) to read as follows: `(g)(1) to create for the Board, or for an individual Indian or Indian tribe or Indian arts and crafts organization, trademarks of genuineness and quality for Indian products and the products of an individual Indian or particular Indian tribe or Indian arts and crafts organization; (2) to establish standards and regulations for the use of Government-owned trademarks by corporations, associations, or individuals, and to charge for such use under such licenses; (3) to register any such trademark owned by the Government in the United States Patent and Trademark Office without charge and assign it and the goodwill associated with it to an individual Indian or Indian tribe without charge; and (4) to pursue or defend in the courts any appeal or proceeding with respect to any final determination of that office;'; and
(3) by adding at the end the following new sentence: `For the purposes of this section, the term `Indian arts and crafts organization' means any legally established arts and crafts marketing organization composed of members of Indian tribes.'.

SEC. 103. REFERRAL FOR CRIMINAL AND CIVIL VIOLATIONS.
The Act entitled `An Act to promote the development of Indian arts and crafts and to create a board to assist therein, and for other purposes' (25 U.S.C. 305 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end of the following:
`SEC. 5. (a) The Board may receive complaints of violations of section 1159 of title 18, United States Code, and refer complaints of such violations to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for appropriate investigation. After reviewing the investigation report, the Board may recommend to the Attorney General of the United States that criminal proceedings be instituted under that section.
`(b) The Board may recommend that the Secretary of the Interior refer the matter to the Attorney General for civil action under section 6.'.

SEC. 104. CRIMINAL PENALTY FOR MISREPRESENTATION OF INDIAN PRODUCED GOODS AND PRODUCTS.

(a) IN GENERAL- Section 1159 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:

SEC. 1159. MISREPRESENTATION OF INDIAN PRODUCED GOODS AND PRODUCTS
`(a) It is unlawful to offer or display for sale or sell any good, with or without a Government trademark, in a manner that falsely suggests it is Indian produced, an Indian product, or the product of a particular Indian or Indian tribe or Indian arts and crafts organization, resident within the United States.
`(b) Whoever knowingly violates subsection (a) shall--
`(1) in the case of a first violation, if an individual, be fined not more than $250,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both, and, if a person other than an individual, be fined not more than $1,000,000; and
`(2) in the case of subsequent violations, if an individual, be fined not more than $1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than fifteen years, or both, and, if a person other than an individual, be fined not more than $5,000,000.
`(c) As used in this section--
`(1) the term `Indian' means any individual who is a member of an Indian tribe, or for the purposes of this section is certified as an Indian artisan by an Indian tribe;
`(2) the terms `Indian product' and `product of a particular Indian tribe or Indian arts and crafts organization' has the meaning given such term in regulations which may be promulgated by the Secretary of the Interior;
`(3) the term `Indian tribe' means--
`(A) any Indian tribe, band, nation, Alaska Native village, or other organized group or community which is recognized as eligible for the special programs and services provided by the United States to Indians because of their status as Indians; or
`(B) any Indian group that has been formally recognized as an Indian tribe by a State legislature or by a State commission or similar organization legislatively vested with State tribal recognition authority; and
`(4) the term `Indian arts and crafts organization' means any legally established arts and crafts marketing organization composed of members of Indian tribes.
`(d) In the event that any provision of this section is held invalid, it is the intent of Congress that the remaining provisions of this section shall continue in full force and effect.'.
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT- The item relating to section 1159 in the table of sections for chapter 53 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:
`1159. Misrepresentation of Indian produced goods and products.'.

SEC. 105. CAUSE OF ACTION FOR MISREPRESENTATION OF INDIAN PRODUCED GOODS AND PRODUCTS.
The Act entitled `An Act to promote the development of Indian arts and crafts and to create a board to assist therein, and for other purposes' (25 U.S.C. 305 et seq.) (as amended by section 3) is further amended by adding at the end of the following:
`SEC. 6. (a) A person specified in subsection (c) may, in a civil action in a court of competent jurisdiction, bring an action against a person who offers or displays for sale or sells a good, with or without a Government trademark, in a manner that falsely suggests it is Indian produced, an Indian product, or the product of a particular Indian or Indian tribe or Indian arts and crafts organization, resident within the United States, to--
`(1) obtain injunctive or other equitable relief; and
`(2) recover the greater of--
`(A) treble damages; or
`(B) in the case of each aggrieved individual Indian, Indian tribe, or Indian arts and crafts organization, not less than $1,000 for each day on which the offer or display for sale or sale continues.
`(b) In addition to the relief specified in subsection (a), the court may award punitive damages and the costs of suit and a reasonable attorney's fee.
`(c)(1) A civil action under subsection (a) may be commenced--
`(A) by the Attorney General of the United States upon request of the Secretary of the Interior on behalf of an Indian who is a member of an Indian tribe or on behalf of an Indian tribe or Indian arts and crafts organization; or
`(B) by an Indian tribe on behalf of itself, an Indian who is a member of the tribe, or on behalf of an Indian arts and crafts organization.
`(2) Any amount recovered pursuant to this section shall be paid to the individual Indian, Indian tribe, or Indian arts and crafts organization, except that--
`(A) in the case of paragraph (1)(A), the Attorney General may deduct from the amount recovered the amount for the costs of suit and reasonable attorney's fees awarded pursuant to subsection (b) and deposit the amount of such costs and fees as a reimbursement credited to appropriations currently available to the Attorney General at the time of receipt of the amount recovered; and
`(B) in the case of paragraph (1)(B), the amount recovered for the costs of suit and reasonable attorney's fees pursuant to subsection (b) may be deducted from the total amount awarded under subsection (a)(2).
`(d) As used in this section--
`(1) the term `Indian' means any individual who is a member of an Indian tribe; or for the purposes of this section is certified as an Indian artisan by an Indian tribe;
`(2) the terms `Indian product' and `product of a particular Indian tribe or Indian arts and crafts organization' has the meaning given such term in regulations which may be promulgated by the Secretary of the Interior;
`(3) the term `Indian tribe' means--
`(A) any Indian tribe, band, nation, Alaska Native village, or other organized group or community which is recognized as eligible for the special programs and services provided by the United States to Indians because of their status as Indians; or
`(B) any Indian group that has been formally recognized as an Indian tribe by a State legislature or by a State commission or similar organization legislatively vested with State tribal recognition authority; and
`(4) the term `Indian arts and crafts organization' means any legally established arts and crafts marketing organization composed of members of Indian tribes.
`(e) In the event that any provision of this section is held invalid, it is the intent of Congress that the remaining provisions of this section shall continue in full force and effect.'.

SEC. 106. PENALTY FOR COUNTERFEITING INDIAN ARTS AND CRAFTS BOARD TRADEMARK.
Section 1158 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking `be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned not more than six months, or both; and' and inserting `(1) in the case of a first violation, if an individual, be fined not more than $250,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both, and, if a person other than an individual, be fined not more than $1,000,000; and (2) in the case of subsequent violations, if an individual, be fined not more than $1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than fifteen years, or both, and, if a person other than an individual, be fined not more than $5,000,000; and (3)'.

SEC. 107. CERTIFICATION OF INDIAN ARTISANS.
For the purposes of section 1159 of title 18, United States Code, and section 6 of the Act entitled `An Act to promote the development of Indian arts and crafts and to create a board to assist therein, and for other purposes' (25 U.S.C. 305 et seq.) an Indian tribe may not impose a fee in certifying an individual as an Indian artisan. For the purposes of this section, the term `Indian tribe' has the same meaning given such term in section 1159(c)(3) of title 18, United States Code.

The Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act
The Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 requires that Indian-style imports be indelibly marked with the country of origin.
Concerning Dealers
(From the Indian Arts and Crafts Association)
The Indian Arts and Crafts Association (IACA) is a not-for-profit organization established in 1974 to support the ethical promotion and protection of authentic Native American art and culture. IACA works to stop fraud and abuse within the market for Indian art through education, publicity, authentication and use of our logo to indicate certified ethical businesses. IACA sponsors the largest wholesale trade shows of handmade Indian art in the world twice a year. Members include Native American artists, wholesale and retail dealers, museums, collectors and others who support the goals of the organization. IACA supports and works for the protection of indigenous art worldwide.

The IACA offers a publication designed to make it easy for you to find sources of authentic Native American arts and crafts. The directory is divided into three parts. It list members, alphabetically, geographically by state and by product line.

The publication can be obtained by phone (505) 265-9149. It can also be obtained by sending 16.50 (includes shipping with in United States) to :